與河川爭地.問石頭要糧

與河川爭地.問石頭要糧

2021/03/24
2022/10/21
<div>五十甲老兵生命記憶展<br></div>
展覽頁面呈現形式
橫式
策展者
蔡念澄
蔡穎璇
展覽封面
020f56c2b73711bd85337a609e726237
展覽資料
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"<div>五十甲人分為三組。數名退役軍人後代皆指出,五十甲以所在區域分為三組人,三組的範圍大小不盡相同,但也因空間大小差異及用途衍生出農業合作方式。</div><div>五十甲許多孩子的童年,在炸藥聲與推石、撿石中成長。上學之餘,他們天天要照顧牛隻與豬隻、至山上或相思樹下撿柴與提水等工作,空閒時到曬穀場前的空地玩耍。</div><div>五十甲第二組的曬榖場是家戶前的空地,誰家先有收成眾人就會輪流幫忙作為換工,割稻後以腳踏車、牛車運稻到打穀機處,以麻袋裝回,堆在家門口前之曬場曬乾,爾後裝袋至風鼓機作業。</div>(高姓退役軍人後代訪談,2019年 11月11日)。<br><br>", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-8y1yt0fxgi": { "id": "quote-8y1yt0fxgi", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "weight": 34, "desc": "<div><b>「一輩子種的東西,還不如賣一塊地來得賺錢。」</b><br></div><div><i><br></i></div><div>退役軍人的後代曾如此說。在生計艱困之下,有些人賣地到外地打拚,生活好過些後,又有些人買地留守祖業。每種選擇,都是歷史情境中的生命決策。</div>", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "img-vk924z6mk7": { "id": "img-vk924z6mk7", "type": "img", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "5908dfb08add0cddb23e9d06b7616582", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/349d1c7d8de69e91456f7326956b4bd0.jpg?itok=5V7Yt3GJ", "level": "primary", "title": "干城休耕中之農地", "desc": "", 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"<div>五十甲人在農場、農會、四健會指導下務農學習經驗,如早期一般農民使用氮肥,因無務農經驗,部分五十甲老兵是最早聽從農會輔導該氮磷鉀混合比例肥料的社群,一度收成比其他人更好。跟隨農會輔導農作,作物能以保證價格收購,較有保障。</div><div>然即使如此,多數老兵家庭的軍旅背景出身,家戶務農經驗匱乏,加上勞動力不足、所得利潤低、天災蟲害無法掌握等,石頭堆與雜草成為五十甲人的噩夢。最終,在退輔會開放農地放領後,進墾滿10年之五十甲家戶,旋即租地或賣地之結果。</div>", "weight": 35, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "text-e35oye2af5": { "id": "text-e35oye2af5", "type": "text", "sortable": true, "weight": 36, "title": " 1968 行政院國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會開放農地放領", "desc": "<div>\n \n \n <u>民國57年10月21日公布,進墾滿十年者可辦理放領。</u></div><div><br></div><div>五十甲人常說「『公地放領』就賣地」,可能與行政院國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會開發農地放領辦法(民國57年10月21日公發布,民國92年01月10日廢止)相關,根據其六條法規,進墾滿十年者且有意願繼續農耕者,即可放領。<b><i><br></i></b></div>", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "quote-8zbydrbns1": { "id": "quote-8zbydrbns1", "type": "quote", "sortable": true, "weight": 37, "desc": "<div><span><b>第&nbsp;六&nbsp;條</b><br>\n 依本法申請放領者,以經輔導會安置之現耕場員,進墾滿十年且志願繼續從事農業生產者為限。其原為號分耕者,應於辦理分割後分別放領之。前項現耕場員,係指一般場員、自力農墾員、個別農墾員、義民及經核定有案之繼耕人。</span></div>", "musicName": "無", 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"<div>退輔會開放土地放領後,土地買賣現象逐漸普及,除去被安置在此的外省軍人外,也吸引了聽聞「花東收成好」的漢人移民,包括被稱為「前山仔」的西部福佬農民與不同時期遷入之客家人(客家移民中,另有少數於戰亂時期,聽聞台灣生活好、來自廣東沿海的「河婆客」亦輾轉遷移到干城),原住民亦在此誘因下於干城購買土地落地生根,今日干城村的阿美族「哈基濘部落」便是此類「新興原住民部落」。</div><div><br></div><div>然而在他們之前,在沒有文字的歷史中,最早與今日「干城村」發生過關係的,可能是初音山間遊走的太魯閣族人、也可能是七腳川社強盛時期的阿美族人,但沒有文字記載,亦沒有固定的生活痕跡。</div><br><div>吉安鄉公所的「吉安客庄旅遊規劃報告書」中,有耆老針對該段歷史進行口述,指出國民政府遷臺後以興建靶場名義,徵收已開墾完成之土地並發放給軍官,將原客家移民外遷至無法耕作的木瓜溪浮覆區,大批客家住民遷徙外地與南華村,造就今日干城村外省人口比例高,及老一輩南華村民無法諒解國民黨政府。<br></div><br>", "weight": 40, "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-1k7cikq1mj": { "id": "basic-1k7cikq1mj", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "85905dda759f2a02baee64fc2244b7dc", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/3aca26ff7c69858505c460ed6c179e34.jpg?itok=20B6K0mn", "level": "primary", "title": "東干城農田,左上為芋頭田,右下為稻田", "desc": "", "thumbURI": 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"<div>各種結構性因素下造成五十甲土地逐漸易主,聽聞花東好種田的西南部閩客島內移民,開始向退役軍人們後代租賃或購買土地,有些人則在1960年代起,便往鄰近光華村的東干城地區發展,拓墾務農。</div><div><br></div><div>到1980年代後,水芋身影悄然現身於干城,展開芋頭村與人的另一段故事──<br></div>", "weight": 41, "secondaryObj": { "oid": "8f96508b680a67555fdb08d40e78ed8b", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/2f9534edfc59d63d26f0a8e3d4d449c5.jpg?itok=sf6AoL3_", "level": "secondary", "title": "干城村內芋頭田景觀", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/2f9534edfc59d63d26f0a8e3d4d449c5.jpg?itok=Q4jGDahV", "thumbMediumURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/2f9534edfc59d63d26f0a8e3d4d449c5.jpg?itok=hW-hDVaz", "thumbBigURI": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/2f9534edfc59d63d26f0a8e3d4d449c5.jpg?itok=zahXUC0w", "background": 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"「與河川爭地,問石頭要糧」承載了干城村拓墾過程,與老兵的生命記憶。<br><br>從中國軍旅生涯到臺灣退役務農,主動或非主動做出生命決策的老兵們,來到慈雲墾區,在石頭堆中辛勤拓墾,然而生計之困難與務農不適應,讓他們最後不得不選擇賣地。然而當被問及,誰是干城村最早的「『原』住民」時,由於在臺灣先來後到之時序,他們卻是最常被忽略的一群人。<br><br>在「五十甲」人出現前,今日之干城村曾是初音山上的太魯閣族人、七腳川舊社阿美族人的活動範圍。初音山腳下,也為聚集為日本人工作的客家聚落與阿美族移民,更在墾區設立前有所爭議。<br><br><div>但無可否認,五十甲人是最大規模在「今日之干城村」定居、拓墾與生活,並造成重要環境變遷的人群。<i><b><u>並且,他們擁有土地權狀與所有權。</u></b></i></div><div><div><br></div>不同角度價值觀下,對誰是「五十甲先祖之看法」、「誰是原住民」各有不同論述。走過五十甲歲月,最後帶來的思考是,人與土地的關係為何?究竟誰是這塊土地最早的主人?<br><br></div><div><b>這個問題或許沒有標準答案,卻值得每個人靜下來思考、溝通與討論。</b></div>", "title": "無主之土‧無主之地?", "musicName": "無", "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "thanks": { "id": "thanks", "type": "thanks", "sortable": false, "thanksList": { "中央研究院 歷史語言研究所": { "rights": "中央研究院 歷史語言研究所", "rightsLogo": "https://rural.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_rural/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "obj": [ "07ef09e39c6c319e295e79ba984f02d1", "62e20df69b3657af07dfac7d1615ded4", "5c41f29983749dda2696e9770c3223d0", 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來源
臺灣農村數位博物館
展覽音檔
{}
展覽主題、地區分類
蔡念澄蔡穎璇